Volcanoes are "gates" into the earth's crust. Different kind and shapes of volcanoes are shown in the following pictures. Selected volcanoes are marked in the map.
(Illustration:
Wissensplattform eskp.de, Licence: CC BY 4.0)
Stratovolcano, Momotombo in Nicaragua: The volcano at Lake Managua is characterised by its symmetrical shape as well as by steep flanks. Alternating explosiv and more or less calm lava flows are shaping this kind of volcano.
(Photo:
H. Wehrmann/GEOMAR)
Stratovolcano, Ngauruhoe, Tongariro Massif in New Zealand. The region is characterized by impressive volcanoes like the Ngauruhoe in the background and the Red Crater in the front. Ngauruhoe is one of the most active volcanoes in this region.
(Photo:
C. Bonanati/GEOMAR)
Cinder Cone, Cerro Negro in Nicaragua: slag or cinder cones can be up to a few hundred meters high. They have steep flanks and on its flat summit is a crater. Cinder cones develop usually in a single eruption by several smaller explosions.
(Photo:
H. Wehrmann/GEOMAR)
Lava dome, Santiaguito: Santiaguito is a another crater of the volcano Santa Maria in Guatemala. Since 1922, this new lava dome is growing and form in nowadays an independent volcano.
(Photo:
GEOMAR)
Shield volcano, Kempe volcano in Jordan: By the discharge of large amounts of liquid lava over a long time, shield volcanoes are formed. These volcanoes are very shallow and are often not recognized immediately as a volcano.
(Photo:
Stefan Kempe)
Shield volcano Mauna Kea in Hawaii: The volcano is currently inactive and is considered as a dormant volcano. Like all the other volcanoes of Hawaii, Mauna Kea has developed above a hot spot. Hot spots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle.
(Photo:
Stefan Kempe)
Caldera, Taupo Volcano: The eruption of the volcano in Taupo (New Zealand) took place 1,800 years ago. 35 cubic kilometers of magma erupted to the surface. This eruption was the largest within the past 2,000 years. The caldera has a diameter of 35 kilometers - Lake Taupo.
(Photo:
C. Bonanati/GEOMAR)
Maar, Cerro Resolana: a maar is a bowl or funnel-shaped crater that can 10 to 500 meters deep. It is often filled with water: maar lake.
(Photo:
H. Wehrmann/GEOMAR)
Maar lakes, Germany: maar lakes occur also in Germany. More than 75 are characterizing the Eifel a region soth of Cologne. The picture shows the Dauner maar lakes.
(Photo:
F. Willems-Theisen/www.pixelio.de)
Sketch of the most common types of volcanoes.
(Illustration:
eskp.de, Licence: CC BY 4.0)
